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World Health Organization (WHO) defines obesity as a body mass index (BMI) of more than two standard deviations above the WHO Growth Reference median for children aged 5 to 19 years.1 Paediatric obesity is a growing global concern, with projections estimating that 18% of girls and 20% of boys worldwide will be obese by 2035.2 Obesity is a multifactorial metabolic…

Maternal nutrition plays a pivotal role in supporting both maternal health and optimal foetal development. During pregnancy, the physiological demands of the body increase significantly, necessitating adjustments in dietary intake to meet the nutritional requirements of both mother and child.1 Inadequate maternal nutrition has been associated with a higher risk of complications, including low birth weight and small for gestational…

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive condition where kidney function gradually declines over time. Globally, more than 673 million people are affected, while CKD cases have nearly doubled since 1990.1 In Malaysia, the prevalence rose sharply from 9% in 2011 to 15.5% in 2018, affecting over 5 million people.2 As CKD poses a significant health challenge,2 controlling blood pressure…

Breast cancer remains the most prevalent cancer among women in Malaysia, posing a significant public health challenge.1,2 Despite advancements in medical technology and awareness campaigns, breast cancer continues to affect thousands of lives and families each year. However, early detection through mammography and timely treatment have proven to be powerful tools in reducing breast cancer mortality. Breast Cancer Prevalence in…

A Cause for Concern Cervical cancer is a significant global health issue, especially in underdeveloped and developing countries. It is the fourth most common cancer and cause of cancer deaths in women, with 604,127 cases and 314,831 deaths in 2020. In Malaysia, the age-standardised rate is 6.2 per 100,000 females, making it the third most common cancer among women. If…

What Are Added Sugars? Added sugars are sugars and syrups that are added to foods during processing or preparation, as opposed to naturally occurring sugars found in fruits, vegetables, and dairy products.1-3 Common sources include high-fructose corn syrup, cane sugar, and honey. These added sugars are prevalent in a variety of foods, from obvious culprits like soft drinks and candies…

Breastfeeding is more than just a method of feeding an infant; it is a vital practice that offers numerous health benefits for both the baby and the mother.1-3 Recognised by health organisations worldwide, breastfeeding is recommended as the best source of nutrition for infants. It is advisable to continue breastfeeding along with introducing appropriate complementary foods around 6 months, as…

Defining Antimicrobial Resistance Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has emerged as a critical global health challenge, posing a significant threat to effective treatment of infections.1,2 It is defined as the ability of microorganisms to withstand the effects of drugs that once killed them or inhibited their growth.3 AMR can affect any microbe, including bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites, making it a multi-faceted…

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, with the highest mortality rates for both men and women,1 making this day serve as a reminder of the crucial need for education, early detection, and research to combat this devastating disease. Understanding Lung Cancer Lung cancer begins in the lungs and can spread to other parts of the body.2,3…

Understanding Dengue Fever  Dengue fever, a viral illness transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, is an increasing global concern. It is caused by four serotypes of the dengue virus (DENV-1, 2, 3, and 4).1-3 An initial infection with one serotype grants lifelong immunity to that strain but only temporary and partial protection against the others. Subsequent infections with a different serotype raise…